[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.e-cvns.cz\/znalost-dejin-literatury-prezitek-nebo-vyhoda\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.e-cvns.cz\/znalost-dejin-literatury-prezitek-nebo-vyhoda\/","headline":"Znalost d\u011bjin literatury: p\u0159e\u017eitek nebo v\u00fdhoda?","name":"Znalost d\u011bjin literatury: p\u0159e\u017eitek nebo v\u00fdhoda?","description":"Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zn\u00e1t historii literatury, m\u016f\u017eeme na ni nav\u00e1zat, \u010di se z n\u00ed dokonce pou\u010dit. Co takov\u00e9 osv\u00edcenstv\u00ed? Nen\u00ed to sm\u011br v\u00e1zan\u00fd jen na literaturu, z n\u011bj se dozv\u00edme tak\u00e9 jak to bylo s celkovou mentalitou lid\u00ed v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 18. stolet\u00ed. P\u0159edstavme si tedy p\u00e1r z\u00e1kladn\u00edch tez\u00ed romantismu a jeho p\u0159edstavitele. Osv\u00edcenstv\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b navazuje […]","datePublished":"2025-02-25","dateModified":"2023-04-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.e-cvns.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"e-cvns.cz\n","url":"https:\/\/www.e-cvns.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4e1219daed488a40aaae5f3a36d7a332441b6e7a97d465811f6633d3359f64e8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4e1219daed488a40aaae5f3a36d7a332441b6e7a97d465811f6633d3359f64e8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"e-cvns.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.e-cvns.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a295377_w1969_t1506782901.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.e-cvns.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a295377_w1969_t1506782901.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.e-cvns.cz\/znalost-dejin-literatury-prezitek-nebo-vyhoda\/","about":["Vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed"],"wordCount":537,"articleBody":" Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zn\u00e1t historii literatury, m\u016f\u017eeme na ni nav\u00e1zat, \u010di se z n\u00ed dokonce pou\u010dit. Co takov\u00e9 osv\u00edcenstv\u00ed? Nen\u00ed to sm\u011br v\u00e1zan\u00fd jen na literaturu, z n\u011bj se dozv\u00edme tak\u00e9 jak to bylo s celkovou mentalitou lid\u00ed v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 18. stolet\u00ed. P\u0159edstavme si tedy p\u00e1r z\u00e1kladn\u00edch tez\u00ed romantismu a jeho p\u0159edstavitele.  Osv\u00edcenstv\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b navazuje na klasicismus (rozum a st\u0159\u00edzlivost), ale v\u00edce se v n\u011bm projevuje individualita, originalita a kritika (politika a c\u00edrkev), je tak\u00e9 bez p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch pravidel a m\u00e9n\u011b form\u00e1ln\u00ed.Francie \u00b7 projeven\u00ed hlavn\u011b v kultu\u0159e, ostr\u00e1 kritika c\u00edrkve (bajky a pamflety = kritick\u00e1 alegorie) \u2013 ni\u010den\u00ed syst\u00e9mu, \u017e\u00e1nrov\u00e1 pestrostAnglie \u00b7 lep\u0161\u00ed ekonomick\u00e1 situace (koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed velmoc), bohatstv\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch lid\u00ed a m\u011b\u0161\u0165anstva, povolen\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed > nov\u00e1 t\u00e9mata, nov\u00fd pohled na sv\u011bt \u2013 demokracie \u00b7 prvky pikareskn\u00edho rom\u00e1nu (motiv cesty, putov\u00e1n\u00ed, dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed), z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zku\u0161enost\u00ed, n\u00e1zory na sv\u011bt, reflexe spole\u010dnosti \u00b7 p\u0159\u00edmo\u010dar\u00fd jazyk, nejde o esteti\u010dnost, jasn\u00e9 vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00b7 revoluce, pokrok, optimismus, ateismus, rovnopr\u00e1vnostDaniel Defoe\u2013 zrod anglick\u00e9 \u017eurnalistiky \u2013 touha informovat spole\u010dnost (Lond\u00fdnsk\u00fd po\u017e\u00e1r, mor)J. Swift \u2013 irsk\u00fd satirick\u00fd autor, kritika politiky v Anglii (inspirace postav dobov\u00fdmi politiky) Gulliverovy cesty \u2013 fiktivn\u00ed cestopis, kombinace vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed a detailn\u00edch popis\u016f den\u00edk lodn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e > ich forma; paralela vztahu Anglie a Irska 4 \u010d\u00e1sti (zem\u011b liliput\u016f x zem\u011b obr\u016f \u2013 protiklady; l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed ostrov Laputa;  Yahoo \u2013 utopick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, u\u0161lechtil\u00ed kon\u011b a zdivo\u010del\u00ed lid\u00e9) Voltaire \u2013 nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed osobnost 18. stol., v \u010dele Velk\u00e9 Francouzsk\u00e9 revoluce kritika \u0161lechty, absolutismu a c\u00edrkve \u2013 prvn\u00ed ateistick\u00fd autor (st\u00edh\u00e1n, v\u011bzn\u011bn) pamflety (p\u0159edch\u016fdce novin) \u2013 filosofie, kritika Panna Orle\u00e1nsk\u00e1 \u2013 drama o Jan\u011b z Arku, individualita, autorita, up\u00e1len\u00ed (kritika syst\u00e9mu) Candide aneb optimismus \u2013 filosofick\u00fd rom\u00e1n, vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed autorov\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f jednoduch\u00fd, \u0159e\u010dnick\u00fd, st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00fd jazyk bez metafor p\u016fvodn\u011b zam\u00fd\u0161leno jako dobrodru\u017en\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed d\u011bjov\u00fd popis, p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d \u2013 st\u0159et n\u00e1zor\u016f, vysv\u011btlen\u00ed okolnost\u00ed kritika Jezuit\u016f \u2013 n\u00e1sil\u00ed a krutosti Candide slou\u017eil na z\u00e1mku, zamiloval se do dcery jeho p\u00e1na,  odch\u00e1z\u00ed do sv\u011bta za zku\u0161enostmi, optimismus a proz\u0159etelnost putuje s u\u010ditelem Pantaglosem \u2013 utvrzov\u00e1n\u00ed v optimismu nakonec \u201evyst\u0159\u00edzliv\u00ed\u201c (v\u00e1lky, kolonizace\u2026) \u201eNesouhlas\u00edm s t\u00edm, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te, ale a\u017e do smrti budu br\u00e1nit va\u0161e pr\u00e1vo \u0159\u00edkat to.\u201cD. Diderot\u2013 Jepti\u0161ka \u2013 mystifikace (= vytvo\u0159en\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy) \u2013 psan\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00fdch dopis\u016f \u0161lechtici psychologick\u00fd antiklerik\u00e1ln\u00ed rom\u00e1n (proti c\u00edrkvi), ich forma \u2013 osobn\u00ed pocity bez svobody \u2013 nezku\u0161en\u00e1 \u017eena, mlad\u00e1, v\u00fdplod nev\u011bry, z donucen\u00ed jepti\u0161ka \u0161ikanov\u00e1na, sv\u00e1d\u011bna od matky p\u0159edstaven\u00e9; poklidn\u00e1 smrt  Jakub Fatalista \u2013 d\u011bjov\u011b nesouvisl\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Jakuba a jeho p\u00e1na, rovnocenn\u00fd vztah \u2013 dialogy (komentov\u00e1n\u00ed) st\u0159ety pohled\u016f na r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u011bci hra Milana Kundery \u2013 Jakub a p\u00e1n Francouzsk\u00e1 encyklopedie \u2013 shrnut\u00ed dobov\u00e9ho v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed encyklopedist\u016f (= svobodn\u00ed v\u011bdci)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.5\/5 - (8 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Znalost d\u011bjin literatury: p\u0159e\u017eitek nebo v\u00fdhoda?","item":"https:\/\/www.e-cvns.cz\/znalost-dejin-literatury-prezitek-nebo-vyhoda\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]