[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.e-cvns.cz\/finance-aneb-rozsahle-ekonomicke-pojmenovani\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.e-cvns.cz\/finance-aneb-rozsahle-ekonomicke-pojmenovani\/","headline":"Finance aneb rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed","name":"Finance aneb rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed","description":"Jedn\u00e1 se o ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed prost\u0159edky a manipulaci s nimi. V realit\u011b to znamen\u00e1 tvorbu pen\u011bz, jejich n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed a pou\u017eit\u00ed pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f i kapit\u00e1lu. P\u016fvod je z francouzsk\u00e9ho slova finance, kter\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 ukon\u010den\u00ed, tj. splacen\u00ed a vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed dluhu neboli z\u00e1vazku. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozt\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed Pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed fondy \u2013 dle subjektu se d\u011bl\u00ed na soukrom\u00e9 a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9. Dle […]","datePublished":"2025-03-02","dateModified":"2023-04-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.e-cvns.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"e-cvns.cz\n","url":"https:\/\/www.e-cvns.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4e1219daed488a40aaae5f3a36d7a332441b6e7a97d465811f6633d3359f64e8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4e1219daed488a40aaae5f3a36d7a332441b6e7a97d465811f6633d3359f64e8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"e-cvns.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.e-cvns.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a303176_w1969_t1513337063.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.e-cvns.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a303176_w1969_t1513337063.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.e-cvns.cz\/finance-aneb-rozsahle-ekonomicke-pojmenovani\/","about":["Finance"],"wordCount":489,"articleBody":" Jedn\u00e1 se o ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed prost\u0159edky a manipulaci s nimi. V realit\u011b to znamen\u00e1 tvorbu pen\u011bz, jejich n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed a pou\u017eit\u00ed pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f i kapit\u00e1lu. P\u016fvod je z francouzsk\u00e9ho slova finance, kter\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 ukon\u010den\u00ed, tj. splacen\u00ed a vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed dluhu neboli z\u00e1vazku. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozt\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed Pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed fondy \u2013 dle subjektu se d\u011bl\u00ed na soukrom\u00e9 a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9. Dle subjektu, kter\u00fd s financemi operuje se \u010dlen\u00ed na osobn\u00ed, podnikov\u00e9 \u010di ve\u0159ejn\u00e9. Finance coby aktiva Pen\u00edze \u2013 jedn\u00e1 se ve spole\u010dnosti o celkov\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00fd prost\u0159edek sm\u011bny neboli platidla. Pen\u00edze poskytuj\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci v r\u00e1mci soci\u00e1ln\u00edho spole\u010denstv\u00ed. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed jednotka je naz\u00fdv\u00e1na m\u011bnou. Pro \u010ceskou republiku n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed ze z\u00e1kona coby platidlo koruna \u010desk\u00e1 \u2013 CZK. Cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry \u2013 jsou listinou neboli listinu nahrazuj\u00edc\u00ed evidence, obsahem je soukrom\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo a to je pevn\u011b spjato se sv\u00fdm nosi\u010dem. Kdo vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 cenn\u00fd pap\u00edr, tj. spole\u010dnosti \u010di subjekt, je naz\u00fdv\u00e1n emitentem. Cenn\u00fd pap\u00edr prezentuje dokument, s n\u00edm\u017e je spjata jist\u00e1 hodnota, majetek i majetkov\u00fd prosp\u011bch. U cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f se diferencuje podoba, forma a druh.  Akcie \u2013 je druh cenn\u00e9ho pap\u00edru potvrzuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee jeho dr\u017eitel je akcion\u00e1\u0159em, tj. vlo\u017eil jist\u00fd kapit\u00e1l neboli majetkov\u00fd pod\u00edl do ur\u010dit\u00e9 akciov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Akcion\u00e1\u0159 m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo se pod\u00edlet na zisku spole\u010dnosti a to formou dividenty, stejn\u011b tak se m\u016f\u017ee \u00fa\u010dastnit a hlasovat na valn\u00e9 hromad\u011b. Jsou akcie, se kter\u00fdmi lze i obchodovat na burze cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f, kde se za \u00fa\u010delem nab\u00eddky a popt\u00e1vky ur\u010duje jejich cena. Dluhopisy \u2013 jsou emitov\u00e1ny st\u00e1tem, \u00fazem\u00edm samospr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho celku, tj. krajem \u010di obc\u00ed nebo pr\u00e1vnickou osobou. M\u016f\u017ee v\u0161ak to b\u00fdt i fyzick\u00e1 osoba. Podm\u00ednkou v\u0161ak je, aby mohl b\u00fdt ve\u0159ejn\u011b nab\u00edzen dluhopis v \u010cR, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schv\u00e1len prospekt od \u010cNB. Jinak mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nab\u00edzeno neve\u0159ejn\u011b. Sm\u011bnka \u2013 je op\u011bt cenn\u00fdm pap\u00edrem, ale kter\u00fd je vydan\u00fd ve form\u011b na \u0159ad \u010di na jm\u00e9no, n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed mezi tzv. abstraktn\u00ed cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry. Lze se setkat s ozna\u010den\u00edm coby dokonal\u00fd cenn\u00fd pap\u00edr neboli skriputa a to z d\u016fvodu, \u017ee v\u0161echna pr\u00e1va vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed ze sm\u011bnky jsou podchycena v tomto cenn\u00e9m pap\u00edru. \u0160ek \u2013 jedn\u00e1 se o bankovn\u00ed formul\u00e1\u0159, po jeho \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9m vypln\u011bn\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f se tak st\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm platebn\u00edm prost\u0159edkem. \u0160ek a jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed je upraveno v \u010cR p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm z\u00e1konem, kter\u00fd vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze \u017denevsk\u00e9 \u0161ekov\u00e9 konvence. \u0160ek je jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159edek ne\u017e sm\u011bnka.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.6\/5 - (5 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Finance aneb rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed","item":"https:\/\/www.e-cvns.cz\/finance-aneb-rozsahle-ekonomicke-pojmenovani\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]